The Effect of Radiation in Inducing Mutation Essay Example for Free

The accomplishment of Radiation in Inducing Mutation EssayABSTRACTTo determine the aftermaths of da Gamma irradiation in inducement alteration on the increase of give (Zea mays), an experiment exploitation edible corn seeds expose in to different invest of radiation (0kr, 10 kr, 30 kr, and 50 kr) was done. Four intercessions were prepared using 10 seeds from each of the following different radiation places. The seeds were grafted and were observed for seven weeks. The portion sprouting and mortality rate, as well as the tip (in cm) were obtained. Results showed that the control obtained the highest germination rate and average jell height while the concluding was obtained by the treatment which use the highest irradiation rate (50 kr). From the results it could be conclude that increasing the radiation rate mickle inhibit the growth in terms of height and rase the percent germination by inducing mutation. As the exposure of the corn seeds to da Gamma radiatio n increases, the more(prenominal) it reduces the corns potential for optimum growth and development.INTRODUCTIONMutation is defined as the mixture in the DNA sequence of a gene in an organism that is essentially heritable and permanent. It occurs when the transmittable message carried by the gene is altered or damaged (Mendioro et al., 2010). Mutation crapper either be spontaneous or induced. One way to induce mutation is through the use of mutagens. Mutagens are inbred or human made agents (chemical or physical) which puke alter the DNA sequencestructure of organisms. Examples of mutagens include different types of chemicals and radiation. The use of gamma rays, a type of radiation classified under the ionizing radiations, is commonly apply in various experiments in inducing mutation. The use of gamma radiation has diverse effects on the behavior and structure of a chromosome. It can also cause adverse effects on the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. Expos ing seeds in high dosage of gamma rays can cause detrimental effects in the growth and germination rate.Exposure of a seed in higher dose of radiation can cause disturbances on some of its important biological processes such as the water ex variety show and enzyme drill (Stoeva et al., 2001) and protein synthesis (Xiuzher, 1994). The changes on the morphology, structure and function depends on the strength of the gamma irradiation stress. The parameters used in assessing the effectiveness of radiation in inducing mutations include the percent rate of seed germination and extract of the seedlings. The study aimed to determine the effect of induction of mutation by gamma radiation on the growth of corn (Zea mays). The specific objectives were 1. to identify the effect of increasing strength of gamma rays on growth of corn (Zea mays) in terms of height, percent germination, and percent mortality 2. to explain the possible reasons behind the observed effect of radiation on corn.MATERI ALS AND METHODSIn order to determine the effects of radiation on the growth, percent germination and percent mortality of corn (Zea mays), forty seeds were used into four different treatments. The first ten seeds were used as the control (0kr) while the other thirty were irradiated with gamma radiation using different intensities (10kr, 30kr and 50kr). A plot was prepared. Four hills were made in the plot where seeds will be planted. The seeds were planted 5 cm apart on a hill, with each hill representing a specific treatment. The hills were labeled accordingly. For seven weeks, the corn plants were observed. The seed germination (germination time and percent germination) and morphological changes of the vegetative parts of the plant was noted. After weeks of observations, entropy were consolidated and arranged.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSAs seen in Table 1. results showed that the percent of seed germination (based on the first twenty-four hour period of the emergence of the seedlings ) under the 10 kr treatment is higher (100%) compared to that of the control (90%), 30 kr (60%) and 50 kr (50 %). Theoretically, the control should have the highest percent germination rate, but since errors which can be attributed from the environment as well as from other physical factors are present, results obtained cannot be avoided. The treatment with the highest irradiation rate (50 kr) has the net rate of seed germination. However, in Table 2, results indicated that treatment under the former has the highest percent mortality rate (100 %) while the lowest obtained by the control treatment (40%). In Figure 1, results obtained showed that the treatment with highest average plant height was under Treatment 10 kr.The final average plant height under this treatment was 28.58 cm compared to the 25.98 cm of control, 20.87 of 30 kr and 6.04 of 50 kr. Again, theoretically, the control should have the highest average plant height but results showed otherwise. Through the obtained dat a, it can be concluded that exposing seeds to radiation can induce mutation which in the end could affect the growth rate, germination rate as well as the mortality rate of the plant. Observations and data obtained showed that the rate of radiation is inversely proportionate to the percent germination and height of corn plants and then proving that percent germination and height decreases as get or strength of radiation increases, and vice-versa.The use of gamma radiation can affect some of the important metabolic processes in the plant by inducing mutation. Mutation in return can affect other life processes, such as growth. This can be attributed to the high percent mortality rate of the corn plants under the treatment with the highest exposure to radiation. increase radiation exposure beyond 10 kr resulted in retarded growth and abnormal development. further increased exposure resulted in lethality or high percent mortality rate.The results and data observed can be attributed to the direct and indirect effect of ionizing radiation to corn plants. If the cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, double-stranded breaks occur along the entire length ofthe DNA. Mutation occurs if the repair mechanisms reattach the wrong piece of DNA back together, so that a part of the DNA strand goes missing. This may lead to the deletion of important genes or a change in the location of gene within the DNA. (Woodstock, 1965).Corn exposed to increasing strengths of radiation, resulted to higher probability of the particular of mutation. Mutation causes detrimental effects to the cell and might be lethal. Increasing the radiation either qualitatively (strength) or quantitatively (amount), would result have two possible consequences, a single mutation with prankish effects which causes malfunctions in the cell and massive mutation with critical effects in the functioning of the cell. thither are other possible inferences that could be deduced behind the observed results (Woo dstock, 1965).Observation DateFigure 1. modal(a) height of corn (cm) with and without exposure to increasing levels of gamma radiation.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONThe effect of induction of mutation by gamma radiation was determined through the use of corn seeds exposed to different levels of gamma radiation. Forty seeds were selected and used into four treatment groups (control, 10 kr, 30 kr and 50 kr). For seven weeks, the senior high of corn plants were obtained and morphological changes were observed. Also, percent germination and mortality rate were computed.Based on the results obtained, the treatment with the highest percent germination was the treatment under 10 kr with 100 %, while the lowest was obtained from 50 kr treatment with 50%. Results also showed that the treatment with the highest irradiation rate has the highest percent mortality but with the lowest germination. With these observations, it can be concluded that radiation can affect the growth, germination and mortali ty rate in corn plants.The use of gamma radiation can induce mutation and can cause pregnant changes in the growth, germination and mortality rate of corn plants. Observations and data obtained showed that the rate of radiation is inversely proportional to the percent germination and height of corn plants thus proving that percent germination and height decreases as amount or strength of radiation increases, and vice-versa.LITERATURE CITEDMendioro, Merlyn S., Rita P. Laude, Adelina A. Barrion, Ma. Genaleen Q. Diaz, Joel C. Mendoza and Dolores A. Ramirez. 2010. Genetics (A Laboratory Manual). 12th ed. San Pablo City, Laguna 101 pp.Stoeva, N. and Z. Bineva. 2001. physiological response of beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) to gamma-radiation contamination I. Growth, photosynthesis rate andcontents of plastid pigments. J. Env. Prot. Eco., 2 299-303.Woodstock, L.W. and M.F. Combs. 1965. Effects of Gamma Irradiation of corn Seed on the Respiration and growth of the Seedlings. American Journa l ofBotany 52(6) 563-569 pp.Xiuzher, L. 1994. Effect of Irradiation on Protein Content of chaff Crop. China 15, 53- 55 pp.